TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 21
 1.1 Growth in high definition TV demand 22
 1.1.1 QD advantages 26
 1.2 Market growth since 2013 26
 1.3 QD-TVs market 26
 1.4 The Quantum Dot market in 2020 27
 1.5 Cadmium vs. cadmium free 28
 1.5.1 Cadmium QDs 28
 1.5.2 Cadmium-free QDs 28
 1.5.3 European commission ban use of cadmium in TVs and displays 28
 1.5.4 Perovskite quantum dots 29
 1.5.5 Carbon and graphene quantum dots 29
 1.6 Quantum Dot Revenues 2015-2030 30
 1.7 Market drivers and trends 31
 1.8 Market challenges 33
 1.9 Market impact from COVID-19 crisis 34

2 RESEARCH SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY 37
 2.1 Report scope 37
 2.2 Market definition 37
 2.2.1 Categorization 38
 2.3 Research methodology 39
 2.4 Assumptions and limitations 39
 2.5 Primary research 40
 2.6 Secondary research 40

3 QUANTUM DOTS-PROPERTIES, SYNTHESIS, TYPES 41
 3.1 Properties 41
 3.2 Synthesis 43
 3.3 Types 44
 3.3.1 Cadmium Selenide, Cadmium Sulfide and other materials 44
 3.3.2 Cadmium free quantum dots 45
 3.4 Carbon quantum dots (CDs) 45
 3.4.1 Properties 45
 3.4.2 Applications 46
 3.5 Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) 47
 3.5.1 Properties 48
 3.5.2 Synthesis 49
 3.5.3 Applications 49
 3.5.3.1 Pricing 51
 3.6 Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) 52
 3.6.1 Properties 52
 3.6.2 Comparison to conventional quantum dots 53
 3.6.3 Synthesis methods 53
 3.6.4 Applications 54
 3.6.4.1 Displays 55
 3.6.5 Producers 57
 3.6.5.1 Avantama AG 57
 3.6.5.2 Green Science Alliance Co., Ltd. 58
 3.6.5.3 Plasmachem GmbH 60
 3.6.5.4 Quantum Solutions LLC 60
 3.6.5.5 Zhijing Nanotech Co., Ltd. 61
 3.6.5.6 Other suppliers 62
 3.7 Quantum rods 62
 3.7.1 Properties 62
 3.7.2 Applications 62

4 QUANTUM DOTS TECHNOLOGY READINESS (TRL) 63

5 QUANTUM DOTS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 66
 5.1 Licensing, collaborations and partnerships 66
 5.2 Supply chain 67

6 QUANTUM DOTS REGULATIONS 70
 6.1 Europe 70
 6.1.1 Cadmium exemption in TVs and lighting 71
 6.1.2 August 2017 ruling 72
 6.2 United States 72
 6.2.1 Low Volume Exemption (LVE) 73
 6.2.2 New Chemicals Program 73
 6.3 Asia 73

7 GLOBAL MARKET REVENUES FOR QUANTUM DOTS 75
 7.1 Revenues 2013-2030 77

8 QUANTUM DOTS IN TVS/DISPLAYS 81
 8.1 Market drivers and trends 81
 8.2 LCDS vs. OLEDs vs. QD-LCDs/QLEDs 82
 8.2.1 Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) 82
 8.3 QD-LCD TVs/QLEDs 85
 8.4 Quantum dot enhancement film (QDEF) for current QLEDs 88
 8.5 Quantum Dot on Glass (QDOG) 89
 8.6 Quantum dot colour filters 90
 8.7 Quantum dots on-chip 92
 8.8 Electroluminescent quantum dots 92
 8.8.1 QD-Micro-LEDs 93
 8.9 Flexible QD displays 95
 8.9.1 Flexible QLEDs 96
 8.10 Samsung QD Display 97
 8.11 LG's "QNED" LCD TVs 98
 8.12 Industry and research developments 2013-2021 99
 8.13 Global market for quantum dots in TVs and displays 102
 8.13.1 QD-TV unit sales 2016-2031 102
 8.13.2 QD Monitor Unit sales 2015-2031 104

9 QUANTUM DOTS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS 107
 9.1 Market drivers and trends 107
 9.2 Applications 109
 9.2.1 Nanomaterials in solar cells 109
 9.2.2 Advantages of quantum dots in photovoltaics 110
 9.2.3 Types of quantum dot solar cells 111
 9.2.3.1 Metal—semiconductor/ Schottky QD junction solar cell 111
 9.2.3.2 Silicon/QD Film Hydrid Solar Cells 112
 9.2.3.3 Silicon/Graphene QD Film Hydrid Solar Cells 112
 9.2.3.4 Depleted-heterojunction QD solar cell 112
 9.2.3.5 QD-sensitized solar cells (QDSSC) 112
 9.2.3.6 Quantum dot solar windows 114
 9.3 Market challenges 115
 9.4 Industry and research developments 2013-2021 116
 9.5 Global market for quantum dots in photovoltaics 117
 9.6 Quantum dot photovoltaics companies 120

10 QUANTUM DOTS IN LIGHTING 121
 10.1 Market drivers and trends 122
 10.2 Applications 124
 10.2.1 LED lighting 124
 10.2.2 Horticultural lighting 127
 10.3 Market challenges 128
 10.4 Industry and research developments 2013-2021 128
 10.5 Global market for quantum dots in LED lighting 129
 10.6 Quantum dot lighting companies 132

11 QUANTUM DOTS IN BIOTECH AND MEDICINE 133
 11.1 Market drivers and trends 135
 11.2 Applications 138
 11.2.1 Imaging and diagnostics 139
 11.2.1.1 Advantages 139
 11.2.1.2 Biomarkers 140
 11.2.1.3 Photodynamic therapy 140
 11.2.1.4 Point-of-care 140
 11.2.2 Drug delivery 140
 11.2.3 Photodynamic therapy 141
 11.3 Market challenges 141
 11.4 Global market for quantum dots in biotechnology and medicine 143
 11.4.1 Imaging and diagnostics 143
 11.4.2 Drug delivery 144
 11.5 Quantum dot biotechnology and medicine companies 146

12 QUANTUM DOTS IN SECURITY AND ANTI-COUNTERFEITING 147
 12.1 Market drivers and trends 148
 12.2 Applications 149
 12.3 Global market size for quantum dots in security and anti-counterfeiting 150
 12.4 Quantum dot security and anti-counterfeiting Companies 152

13 QUANTUM DOTS IN SENSORS 154
 13.1 Market drivers and trends 154
 13.2 Applications 156
 13.2.1 Food sensors 157
 13.2.2 Chemical and gas sensors 157
 13.2.3 Biosensors 157
 13.2.4 Image sensors 158
 13.3 Global market size for quantum dots in sensors 158
 13.4 Market challenges 161
 13.5 Quantum dot sensor companies 162

14 OTHER MARKETS 163
 14.1 AgTech 163
 14.1.1 Applications 163
 14.1.2 Companies 163
 14.2 Batteries 164
 14.2.1 Properties 164
 14.2.2 Applications 164
 14.2.3 Companies 165
 14.3 Thermoelectrics 166
 14.3.1 Properties 166
 14.3.2 Companies 166
 14.4 QD Lasers 167
 14.4.1 Applications 167
 14.4.2 Companies 168
 14.5 Photocatalysts 168
 14.6 Spectrometers 168
 14.7 Quantum computing 170
 14.8 Hydrogen production 170
 14.9 Autonomous vehicles 170

15 QUANTUM DOT PRODUCER AND PRODUCT DEVELOPER PROFILES 172

16 REFERENCES 242

 Table 1: Market summary for the quantum dots market. 22
 Table 2. Quantum dot display products. 24
 Table 3: Total QD-based component revenues 2015-2031 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 30
 Table 4: Market drivers and trends for quantum dots. 31
 Table 5: Impact of market drivers for the quantum dots market. 33
 Table 6: Market challenges for quantum dots. 33
 Table 7. Assessment of impact from COVID-19 by end user market. Key: Low, little impact and market will continue to grow. Medium, market impacted to some degree affecting growth prospects over next 1-2 years. High: Market significantly impacted. 34
 Table 8: Categorization of nanomaterials. 38
 Table 9: Chemical synthesis of quantum dots. 43
 Table 10: Applications of carbon quantum dots. 47
 Table 11: Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs. 48
 Table 12. Comparative properties of conventional QDs and Perovskite QDs. 53
 Table 13. Applications of perovskite QDs. 54
 Table 14. Development roadmap for perovskite QDs. 55
 Table 15. Properties of perovskite QLEDs comparative to OLED and QLED. 56
 Table 7. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Examples. 63
 Table 16: Quantum dots market structure. 68
 Table 17: Markets, benefits and applications of quantum dots. 75
 Table 18: Total QD-based component revenues 2013-2031 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 77
 Table 19: Production of quantum dots. 79
 Table 20: Market snapshot for quantum dots in TV/displays. 81
 Table 21: Market drivers and trends for quantum dots in LCD TVs and Displays. 81
 Table 22: Impact of market drivers for quantum dots in the LCD TVs/Displays market. 82
 Table 23: Advantages and disadvantages of LCDs, OLEDs and QDs. 83
 Table 24: Typical approaches for integrating QDs into displays. 86
 Table 25: Current and planned Quantum Dot TVs by manufacturer, availability, size range and price range. 88
 Table 26: QD colour filter options and advantages. 91
 Table 27: Commercial development and research highlights in quantum dots in LCDs and OLEDs 2013-2021. 99
 Table 28: QD-TV unit sales 2016-2031, conservative and optimistic estimate for QDEF film and Non-QDEF film. 103
 Table 29: Market snapshot for quantum dots in photovoltaics. 107
 Table 30: Market drivers and trends in quantum dots in photovoltaics. 107
 Table 31: Impact of market drivers for quantum dots in the photovoltaics market. 109
 Table 32: Advantages of quantum dots in photovoltaics. 110
 Table 33: Schottky QD Junction solar cells. 111
 Table 34: Comparison of third generation solar cells. 113
 Table 35: Market challenges rating for quantum dots in the solar market. 115
 Table 36: Commercial development and research highlights in quantum dots in photovoltaics, 2013-2021. 116
 Table 37: Total QD photovoltaic component revenues 2013-2031 $M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 118
 Table 38: Quantum dots product and application developers in photovoltaics. 120
 Table 39: Market snapshot for quantum dots in LED lighting. 122
 Table 40: Market drivers and trends for quantum dots in LED lighting. 122
 Table 41: Impact of market drivers for quantum dots in the LED lighting market. 124
 Table 42: QD-LEDs and External quantum efficiencies (EQE). 126
 Table 43: Market challenges rating for quantum dots in the lighting and UVC market. 128
 Table 44: Commercial development and research highlights in quantum dots in LED lighting 2013-2021. 128
 Table 45: Total QD LED lighting component revenues 2013-2031 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 130
 Table 46: Quantum dots product and application developers in lighting. 132
 Table 47: Market snapshot for quantum dots in biotechnology and medicine market. 134
 Table 48: Market drivers and trends for quantum dots in biotechnology and medicine. 135
 Table 49: Impact of market drivers for quantum dots in the biotech and medicine market. 138
 Table 50: Market challenges in imaging and diagnostics. 142
 Table 51: Market challenges rating for quantum dots in the medical imaging and diagnostics market. 142
 Table 52: Total QD revenues in biotechnology and medicine 2013-2031 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 144
 Table 53: Quantum dots product and application developers in biotechnology and medicine. 146
 Table 54: Market snapshot for quantum dots in security and anti-counterfeiting. 148
 Table 55: Market drivers and trends for quantum dots in security and anti-counterfeiting. 148
 Table 56: Impact of market drivers for quantum dots in the security and anti-counterfeiting market. 149
 Table 57: Total QD revenues in security and anti-counterfeiting 2013-2031 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 150
 Table 58: Quantum dots product and application developers in security. 152
 Table 59: Overall market assessment for the quantum dots in the sensors market. 154
 Table 60: Market drivers and trends for quantum dots in sensors. 155
 Table 61: Impact of market drivers for quantum dots in the sensors market. 156
 Table 62: Quantum dot sensors and applications. 156
 Table 63: Total QD revenues in sensors 2013-2031 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 159
 Table 64: Market challenges rating for quantum dots in the sensors market. 161
 Table 65: Quantum dots product and application developers in sensors. 162
 Table 66: Quantum dots product and application developers in batteries. 165
 Table 67: Quantum dots product and application developers in thermoelectrics. 167
 Table 68: Quantum dots product and application developers in lasers. 168

Table 285: Carbon nanotubes product and application developers in the sensors industry
Table 286: Graphene product and application developers in the sensors industry
Table 288: Types of smart textiles
Table 289: Smart textile products
Table 290: Market drivers for use of graphene, non-graphene 2D materials and carbon nanotubes in smart textiles and apparel
Table 291: Desirable functional properties for the textiles industry afforded by the use of nanomaterials
Table 292: Applications and benefits of CNTs in textiles and apparel
Table 293: Applications and benefits of graphene in textiles and apparel
Table 294: Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel market
Table 295: Market opportunity assessment for CNTs in smart textiles and apparel
Table 296: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in smart textiles and apparel
Table 297: Applications and commercialization challenges for carbon nanomaterials in smart textiles and apparel
Table 299: Carbon nanotubes product and application developers in the textiles industry
Table 300: Graphene product and application developers in the textiles industry
Table 301: Competitive analysis of MWCNT producers
Table 302: MWCNT producers and companies they supply/licence to
Table 303: Competitive analysis of SWCNT producers
Table 304: Competitive analysis of graphene producers
Table 305: Graphene producers and types produced
Table 306: Graphene producers target market matrix
Table 307: Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets
Table 308: Graphene product developers and end users target market matrix

 Figure 1: QLED TV from Samsung. 23
 Figure 2. QD display products. 24
 Figure 3: Samsung QDs utilized in range of QLED TVs. 27
 Figure 4: Perovskite quantum dots under UV light. 29
 Figure 5: Total QD component revenues 2013-2031 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 31
 Figure 6: Quantum dot schematic. 41
 Figure 7. Quantum dot size and colour. 42
 Figure 8. Carbon dots development. 46
 Figure 9: Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4). 49
 Figure 10: Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots. 50
 Figure 11: Graphene quantum dots. 51
 Figure 12. A pQLED device structure. 53
 Figure 13: Perovskite quantum dots under UV light. 56
 Figure 14: InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination. 59
 Figure 15: TRL quantum dots. 65
 Figure 16: Schematic of typical commercialization route for quantum dots producer. 67
 Figure 17: Total QD component revenues 2013-2031 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 78
 Figure 18: End user markets for QDs 2020, %. 79
 Figure 19: End user markets for QDs 2031, %. 79
 Figure 20: QD-TVsupply chain. 83
 Figure 21: Quantum dot LED backlighting schematic. 86
 Figure 22. Quantum dot film schematic. 89
 Figure 23: Quantum Dots on Glass schematic. 90
 Figure 24: Samsung 8K 65" QD Glass. 90
 Figure 25: QD/OLED hybrid schematic. 92
 Figure 26: Electroluminescent quantum dots schematic. 93
 Figure 27: The Wall microLED display. 94
 Figure 28: Individual red, green and blue microLED arrays based on quantum dots. 94
 Figure 29: Ink-jet printed 5-inch AM-QLED display (80 dpi). 95
 Figure 30: Carbon nanotubes flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries incorporated into flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries. 96
 Figure 31: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots. 97
 Figure 32. Schematic of QD-OLED hybrid. 98
 Figure 33: QD-TV unit sales 2016-2031, conservative estimates. 102
 Figure 34: QD-TV unit sales 2016-2031, optimistic estimates. 103
 Figure 36: QD Monitor Unit sales 2015-2031. 105
 Figure 38: (a) Schematic of Schottky barrier quantum dots based solar cell. 111
 Figure 39: Schematic of QD Solar Cell. 113
 Figure 40: Doped quantum dot LSC. 113
 Figure 41: QD coated solar windows. 114
 Figure 42: A layer of highly emissive manganese-doped quantum dots onto the outside surface of the outer glass pane (top layer on the left image below) and a layer of copper indium selenide quantum dots onto the inner surface of the inside (bottom) pane. 115
 Figure 43: QDSSC Module. 115
 Figure 44: Total QD photovoltaics component revenues 2013-2031 ($100,000s), conservative and optimistic estimates. 119
 Figure 46: Fourth generation QD-LEDs. 126
 Figure 47: Total QD LED lighting component revenues 2013-2031 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 131
 Figure 49: Total QD revenues in biotechnology and medicine revenues 2013-2031 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 145
 Figure 51: Total QD revenues in in anti-counterfeiting and security 2013-2031 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 151
 Figure 53: Total QD revenues in in sensors 2013-2031 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates. 160
 Figure 55: StoreDot battery charger. 165
 Figure 56: Schematic of QD laser device. 167
 Figure 57: Quantum dot spectrometer. 169
 Figure 58. AU 85" bezel-less quantum dot TV. 175
 Figure 59: InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination. 189
 Figure 60: Quantum dots tag on plastic bottle. 192
 Figure 61. QDSSC Module. 198
 Figure 62: Quantum dot sheet. 211
 Figure 63. SQ dots production process. 229
 Figure 64. Infrared QD sensor company. 232
 Figure 65. CQD™ photodiode schematic 232
 Figure 66. TCL QLED TVs. 234