What could be said twenty years ago is even truer today: The U.S. food retailing business has never been more competitive. A number of trends are putting pressure on food retailers of all stripes, from supermarkets whose bread and butter is groceries to supercenters and drugstores for which food is a smaller but still crucial part of the product mix. Foremost are: 1) food deflation driven by heavy discounting; 2) shakeups among major chains; 3) heightened brick-and-mortar competition spurred by Germany-based discount retailers ALDI and Lidl; and 4) the incursion of e-commerce onto the food retailing landscape.
For value grocers, the good news is that many of these trends bode well for the value grocery business as a whole. On the other hand, with the expansion of discount/limited-assortment chains including ALDI and Lidl, it appears value grocery will be at the epicenter of some of the most aggressive competition the grocery industry has seen since the Walmart-driven supercenter invasion of the 1990s.
For a large majority and still growing number of Americans, value retailers are where it's at when it comes to grocery shopping. Supercenters attract 177 million U.S. adults as monthly shoppers (more than traditional supermarkets), wholesale clubs kick in 91 million, dollar stores draw 53 million, and discount/limited-assortment grocery chains like ALDI lay claim to 42 million. And that's just for starters. As of early 2017, the value grocery business is heating up for what may be the hottest contest since the advent of Walmart supercenters. Not since Tesco's Fresh & Easy has a European grocery chain created such a buzz on the other side of the pond prior even to opening its first store, and right now the big word on the street is Lidl. Fresh & Easy was a colossal flop, but there's no reason to expect anything of the sort from Lidl, a German discount/limited-assortment grocery chains grocer à la Germany-based ALDI.
Fielding more than 10,000 stores in Europe, Lidl has cut into ALDI's European business and, along with ALDI, forced into deep-discount mode massive competitors including Walmart's Asda U.K. grocery unit. As of early 2017, Lidl plans to open at least 100 U.S. stores per year on its way to a buildout of as many as 2,000 stores. Already on the defensive, ALDI has gone into accelerated expansion mode with the goal of growing its U.S. footprint to nearly 2,000 stores by the end of 2018 and by almost 50% during the next five years, accompanied by a $1.6 billion plan to remodel and expand 1,300 of its U.S. stores by 2020.
Also girding for deep-discount battle is Walmart. In January 2017, Walmart announced plans to add 10,000 U.S. jobs and raise the minimum wage for its U.S. workers, and began testing a new low-price strategy aimed at undercutting ALDI and by extension Lidl. Like Target, Walmart is also investing in smaller stores designed to better compete with discount/limited-assortment grocery chains and dollar stores, the latter of which began cutting into Walmart's bread and butter during the Great Recession. Also contributing to the ramped- up competition is e-commerce, particularly as Walmart and other grocers get serious about taking on Amazon and home delivery grocery services like Fresh Direct and Peapod. Outlaying several billion dollars, Walmart has snatched up e-commerce players including Jet.com, Shoebuy.com, and Moosejaw.com, and Walmart and other value retailers are now implementing “bricks meet clicks” services deigned to coordinate online grocery ordering with in-store pickup. Increasingly, such services involve smartphones and apps designed to help shoppers avoid lines and in some cases scan and pay as they go.
This first-edition report also explores the future of natural and fresh foods vis-à-vis the value grocery shopper, the impact of private labels and name brands, and the transformative and increasingly overlapping Millennial and Hispanic cohorts. The report profiles value grocery retailers across four sectors—supercenters (e.g., Walmart, SuperTarget, Kmart), wholesale clubs (Costco, Sam's, BJ's), dollar stores (Dollar Tree, Family Dollar, Dollar General), and discount/limited-assortment grocery chains (ALDI, Lidl, Food 4 Less)—and analyzes shopper behavior including penetration rates, preferences, cross-shopping at other grocery channels, demographics, and psychographics using trended multi-year Simmons consumer survey data.
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CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Supercenters Are No. 1 Grocery Retailer, Walmart Is Supercenter King
Grocery Retailing More Competitive Than Ever
The Changing Faces of Convenience
Smaller Stores Bigger Than Ever
Mobile Payments, Apps, and Screenless Payment
Fresh and Natural
Millennials and Hispanics: A Big Part of the Future of Grocery Retailing
SUPERCENTERS AND MASS MERCHANDISERS
Overview
Retailer Profile: Walmart Stores, Inc.
Retailer Profile: Target Corp.
Retailer Profile: Kmart
Retailer Profile: Meijer
Retailer Profile: Fred Meyer
WHOLESALE CLUBS
Wholesale Clubs Account for Close to 10% of Grocery/Consumables Sales
Retailer Profile: Costco Wholesale Corp.
Retailer Profile: Sam’s Club
Retailer Profile: BJ’s Wholesale Club
DOLLAR STORES
Dollar Store Channel Sees Growth and Consolidation
A Lower-Income Customer Base, Plus Some Higher-Income Millennials
Channel Buoyed by Great Recession and Heightened Focus on Food
Retailer Profile: Dollar Tree
Retailer Profile: Dollar General
DISCOUNT/LIMITED-ASSORTMENT CHAINS
Fewer Choices, Bigger Savings
Retailer Profile: ALDI
Retailer Profile: Save-A-Lot
Retailer Brief: Food 4 Less
CHAPTER 2: TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
MARKET OUTLOOK
Supercenters Are No. 1 Grocery Retailer, Walmart Is Supercenter King
Table 2-1 Value Channels in Overall Food Retailing Context, 2014-2016 (monthly number and percent of U.S. adults)
Value Grocers Outperforming Traditional Grocery
Grocery Retailing More Competitive Than Ever
Food Deflation
Illustration 2-1 Cost of Food at Home: December 2015-September 2016
Retailer Upheaval: Consolidation, Reevaluation, and Bankruptcy
Here Comes Lidl
The E-Commerce Effect
USDA Testing Online Acceptance of Food Stamps by Retailers Including Amazon
The Changing Faces of Convenience
Smaller Stores Bigger Than Ever
Brick-and-Mortar Stores Emphasizing Online Ordering and In-store Pickup
Mobile Payments, Apps, and Screenless Payment
Fresh and Natural
Private Label—and Name Brands
Table 2-2 National Name Brands and the Value Retailer Shopper, 2016 (general index for brand usage among shoppers)
Millennials and Hispanics: A Big Part of the Future of Value Grocery Retailing
Table 2-3 Patterns by Key Demographics for Value and Other Food Retailing Channels: Millennials vs. Hispanics, 2016 (percent and index)
CHAPTER 3: SUPERCENTERS AND MASS MERCHANDISERS
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
OVERVIEW
Trends and Characteristics
Shopper Penetration Rates, Demographics, and Cross-Shopping
Table 3-1a Supercenters in Overall Supercenter Context, 2012-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adults as grocery shoppers)
Table 3-1b Supercenters in Overall Supercenter Context, 2012-2016 (monthly number of U.S. adult grocery shoppers in millions)
Table 3-2 Overview of Walmart Supercenter vs. SuperTarget or Kmart Shoppers, 2016 (index)
Table 3-3a Cross-Shopping Patterns for Value and Other Food Retailing Channels: Walmart, Target, and Kmart, 2016 (percent of shopper base)
Table 3-3b Cross-Shopping Patterns for Value and Other Food Retailing Channels: Meijer and Fred Meyer, 2016 (percent of shopper base)
RETAILER PROFILE: WALMART STORES, INC.
The World’s Largest Food Retailer
Neighborhood Markets Going Strong
Walmart Testing Walmart Pickup and Fuel Stores and Convenience Stores
Walmart on Campus
Walmart Express Stores Shuttered
Better Wages, Better Performance
Illustration 3-1 Produce Department at Walmart
Private Label to “Fill in the Gaps”
App-solutely: Scan and Go and Walmart Pay
Illustration 3-2 Walmart Scan and Go
Self-Checkout, Home Delivery, and Store Pickup
Illustration 3-3 Walmart Self-Checkout
Illustration 3-4 Walmart Store Pickup
Serious About e-Commerce: Walmart Acquires Jet.com, Shoebuy.com, and Moosejaw.com and Vows to Ramp up Digital Marketing Investment
No Shortage of Competitors—with More on the Way
Walmart Claims 60% of U.S. Adults as Monthly Food Shoppers
Table 3-4 Walmart Supercenters in Overall Walmart Context, 2012-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adults as shoppers)
Table 3-5 Walmart Customer Base, 2012-2016 (monthly number of U.S. adult grocery shoppers in millions)
Figure 3-1 Food Shopper Draw for Walmart Supercenters, 2004-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adults as grocery shoppers)
Walmart Supercenter Shopper Demographics
Walmart Supercenter Shopper Psychographics
Table 3-6 Walmart Supercenter Shopper Demographics, 2016 (number, percent, and index)
Table 3-7 Overview of Walmart Supercenter Shopper Demographics, 2004 vs. 2016 (index)
RETAILER PROFILE: TARGET CORP.
Company Seeking to Halt Sales Slippage
Weak on Groceries
Target Remodeling to Add Fresh Foods
Target Testing Smaller-Format Stores
Target’s Private Labels
Target Claims 9% of U.S. Adults as Food Shoppers
Table 3-8 SuperTarget in Overall Target Context, 2012-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adults as shoppers)
Table 3-9 Target Customer Base, 2012-2016 (monthly number of U.S. adult grocery shoppers in millions)
Target Supercenter Shopper Demographics
SuperTarget Shopper Psychographics
Table 3-10 SuperTarget Shopper Demographics, 2016 (number, percent, and index)
Table 3-11 Overview of SuperTarget Shopper Demographics, 2011 vs. 2016 (index)
RETAILER PROFILE: KMART
Steady Decline Continues
Kmart Attracts 5.2% of U.S. Adults as Food Shoppers
Table 3-12 Kmart Customer Base, 2012-2016 (monthly percent and number of U.S. adult grocery shoppers)
Figure 3-2 Shopper Draw for Kmart, 2004-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adults)
Kmart Supercenter Shopper Demographics
Table 3-13 Overview of Kmart Shopper Demographics, 2004 vs. 2016 (index)
RETAILER PROFILE: MEIJER
One of America’s Largest Privately Held Companies
Meijer Claims 4.8% of U.S. Adults as Food Shoppers
Table 3-14 Meijer Customer Base, 2012-2016 (monthly percent and number of U.S. adult grocery shoppers)
Figure 3-3 Food Shopper Draw for Meijer, 2004-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adults)
Meijer Supercenter Shopper Demographics
Table 3-15 Overview of Meijer Shopper Demographics, 2004 vs. 2016 (index)
RETAILER PROFILE: FRED MEYER
Strong in the Pacific Northwest
Fred Meyer Claims 2.8% of U.S. Adults as Food Shoppers
Table 3-16 Fred Meyer Customer Base, 2012-2016 (monthly percent and number of U.S. adult grocery shoppers)
Figure 3-4 Shopper Draw for Fred Meyer, 2004-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adult grocery shoppers) . 108
Fred Meyer Supercenter Shopper Demographics
Table 3-17 Overview of Fred Meyer Shopper Demographics, 2004 vs. 2016 (index)
CHAPTER 4: WHOLESALE CLUBS
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
OVERVIEW
Wholesale Clubs Account for Close to 10% of Grocery/Consumables Sales
Shopper Penetration Rates
Table 4-1a Wholesale Clubs in Overall Wholesale Club Retailer Context, 2014-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adults shoppers)
Table 4-1b Wholesale Clubs in Overall Wholesale Club Retailer Context, 2014-2016 (monthly number of U.S. adult shoppers)
Food Shopper Demographics
Cross-Shopping: Most Wholesale Club Shoppers Also Frequent Supercenters
Food Shopper Psychographics
Table 4-2 Overview of Costco vs. Sam’s Club or BJ’s Food Shoppers, 2016 (index)
Table 4-3 Cross-Shopping Patterns for Value and Other Food Retailing Channels: Wholesale Clubs, 2016 (percent of shopper base)
RETAILER PROFILE: COSTCO WHOLESALE CORP.
A Time-Tested Company Culture
Low Prices and Living Wages
Keeping Prices Down
Miles of Aisles
Private Label : Kirkland Signature Is an International Mega-Brand
Marketing, Not Advertising
Illustration 4-1 Costco’s In-House Monthly Magazine, The Costco Connection.
Costco Claims 19.1% of U.S. Adults as Monthly Food Shoppers
Table 4-4a Costco Food Shopping in Overall Costco Context, 2014-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adults shoppers)
Table 4-4b Costco Food Shopping in Overall Costco Context, 2014-2016 (monthly number of U.S. adult shoppers)
Costco Food Shopper Demographics
Table 4-5 Costco Food Shopper Demographics, 2016 (number, percent, and index)
RETAILER PROFILE: SAM’S CLUB
Groceries and Consumables Account for Over Half of Sales
Working to Improve Performance and Profits
A Lower-Income Shopper Base
Sam’s Club Poaches Costco Shoppers Unhappy with Credit Card Switch
Sam’s Club Claims 8.4% of U.S. Adults as Monthly Food Shoppers
Table 4-6a
Sam’s Club Food Shopping in Overall Sam’s Club Context, 2014-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adults shoppers)
Table 4-6b Sam’s Club Food Shopping in Overall Sam’s Club Context, 2014-2016 (monthly number of U.S. adult shoppers)
Sam’s Club Food Shopper Demographics
Table 4-7 Sam’s Club Food Shopper Demographics, 2016 (number, percent, and index)
RETAILER PROFILE: BJ’S WHOLESALE CLUB
Up for Sale?
BJ’s v. Costco and Sam’s
Paring Private Label
An Important Shopper Draw: Low-Price Gas
Pickup and Pay and Online Deli/Bakery Ordering
BJ’s Claims 2.6% of U.S. Adults as Monthly Food Shoppers
Table 4-8a BJ’s Food Shopping in Overall BJ’s Context, 2014-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adults shoppers)
Table 4-8b BJ’s Food Shopping in Overall BJ’s Context, 2014-2016 (monthly number of U.S. adult shoppers)
BJ’s Food Shopper Demographics
Table 4-9 BJ’s Food Shopper Demographics, 2016 (number, percent, and index)
CHAPTER 5: DOLLAR STORES
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
OVERVIEW
Dollar Store Channel Sees Growth and Consolidation
A Lower-Income Customer Base, Plus Some Higher-Income Millennials
Channel Buoyed by Great Recession and Heightened Focus on Food
Additional Expansion Ahead
Dollar Store Shopper Penetration Rates, Demographics, and Cross-Shopping
Table 5-1 Dollar Stores in Overall Dollar Store Context, 2014-2016 (monthly number & percent of U.S. adults)
Dollar Store Shopper Psychographics
Table 5-2 Overview of Dollar Tree vs. Dollar General or Family Dollar Shoppers, 2016 (index)
Table 5-3 Cross-Shopping Patterns for Value and Other Food Retailing Channels: Dollar Stores, 2016 (percent of shopper base)
RETAILER PROFILE: DOLLAR TREE, INC.
Sales and Store Count Surge Due to Family Dollar Acquisition
Figure 5-1
Dollar Tree Number of Stores, 2011-2015
Figure 5-2
Dollar Tree Net Sales, 2011-2015 (in billions of dollars)
Family Dollar Acquisition Poses Challenges
Dollar Tree and Family Dollar Shopper Penetration Rates
Table 5-4a Family Dollar and Dollar Tree in Context, 2012-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adult shoppers)168
Table 5-4b Dollar Tree and Family Dollar in Context, 2012-2016 (monthly number of U.S. adult shoppers)
Figure 5-3 Shopper Draw for Dollar Tree, 2011-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adult shoppers)
Figure 5-4 Shopper Draw for Family Dollar, 2005-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adult shoppers)
Dollar Tree Shopper Demographics
Table 5-5 Dollar Tree Shopper Demographics, 2016 (number, percent, and index)
Table 5-6 Overview of Dollar Tree Shopper Demographics, 2011 vs. 2016 (indexes)
Family Dollar Shopper Demographics
Table 5-7 Family Dollar Shopper Demographics, 2016 (number, percent, and index)
Table 5-8 Overview of Family Dollar Shopper Demographics, 2005 vs. 2016 (indexes)
RETAILER PROFILE: DOLLAR GENERAL CORP.
The Most Locations and Rapid Expansion
New DGX Smaller Store Format Targets Millennials
Focus on Food (and Tobacco)
Illustration 5-1 Television Commercial Still for Dollar General Market Stores
Dollar General Plus and Dollar General Market
Responding to Dollar Tree
Dollar General Claims 10.5% of U.S. Adults as Monthly Shoppers
Table 5-9 Percent and Number of Monthly Dollar General Shoppers, 2012-2016 (U.S. adult shoppers)
Figure 5-5 Shopper Draw for Dollar General, 2005-2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adult shoppers)
Dollar General Shopper Demographics
Table 5-10 Dollar General Shopper Demographics, 2016 (number, percent, and index)
Table 5-11 Overview of Dollar General Shopper Demographics, 2005 vs. 2016 (indexes)
CHAPTER 6: DISCOUNT/LIMITED-ASSORTMENT CHAINS
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
OVERVIEW
Discount/Limited-Assortment Grocery Stores: Fewer Choices, Bigger Savings
Market Entry of Lidl Expected to Sharpen Competitive Stakes
ALDI Out Front
Table 6-1 Discount/Limited-Assortment Grocery Chains in Overall Discount/Limited-Assortment Grocery Chain Context, 2014-2016 (monthly number & percent of U.S. adults)
Cross Shopping Among Discount/Limited-Assortment Grocery Chains
Table 6-2 Cross-Shopping Patterns for Value and Other Food Retailing Channels: ALDI, Save-A-Lot, and Food 4 Less, 2016 (percent of shopper base)
RETAILER PROFILE: ALDI
ALDI: South v. North
Bare Bones Approach for Low Prices Keeps Shoppers Smiling
Gearing Up for Lidl: Accelerated Expansion and Remodeling
ALDI Demographics: Shoppers on a Budget
ALDI Shopper Psychographics
Table 6-3 ALDI Shopper Demographics, 2016 (number, percent, and index)
Table 6-4 Overview of ALDI vs. Trader Joe’s Shoppers, 2016 (percent and index)
RETAILER PROFILE: SAVE-A-LOT
Company Overview
Private Equity Firm Onex Buys Save-A-Lot
Save-A-Lot Leads Supervalu Chains by Number of Shoppers
Figure 6-1 Shopper Draw for Save-A-Lot (Onex) vs. Selected Supervalu Chains, 2016 (monthly percent of U.S. adult shoppers)
Figure 6-2 Monthly Shopper Draw for Save-A-Lot, 2004-2016 (percent of U.S. adult shoppers)
Save-A-Lot Demographics
Comparison of Save-A-Lot (Onex) Shoppers vs. Shoppers for Selected Supervalu Chains
Table 6-5 Save-A-Lot Shopper Demographics, 2016 (number, percent, and index)
Table 6-6 Overview of Save-A-Lot (Onex) Shoppers vs. Shoppers for Selected Supervalu Chains, 2016 (index)
RETAILER BRIEF: FOOD 4 LESS
Part of the Kroger Supermarket Kingdom
Food 4 Less Attracts 3.7% of U.S. Adults as Monthly Shoppers
Figure 6-3 Monthly Shopper Draw for Food 4 Less, 2011-2016 (percent of U.S. adults)
Food 4 Less Shopper Demographics
Kroger Shopper Profile Much Less Distinct
Table 6-7 Food 4 Less Shopper Demographics, 2016 (number, percent, and index)
Table 6-8 Overview of Food 4 Less vs. Kroger Shoppers, 2016 (index)
APPENDIX I
Table A1-1 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Go Shopping Frequently ” and “I Really Enjoy Any Kind of Shopping,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A1-2 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “When I Shop I Usually Visit a Variety of Stores and “A Store’s Environment Can Make a Difference in Whether I Shop There,” 2016 (percent and index) 243
Table A1-3 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Am Usually First of My Friends To Shop at New Store” and “Often Go Out of My Way to Find New Stores to Shop At,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A1-4 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Buy Goods Produced by My Country Whenever I Can” and “Would Pay More for Environmentally Friendly Products,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A1-5 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Always Look for Brand Name on Packaged” and “Like to Change Brands Often for the Sake of Variety and Novelty,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A1-6 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Enjoy Shopping With My Children” and “My Children Have a Significant Impact on the Brands I Choose,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A1-7 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “When in Store, Often Buy at Spur of Moment ” and “Often Use the Internet to Help Plan My Shopping Trips,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A1-8 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Usually Only Shop at Favorite Stores Because They Have the Prices I Like and “Shop Around A Lot To Take Advantage of Specials or Bargains,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A1-9 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Coupon Could Draw Me to a Store Where I Don’t Usually Shop” and “Am Drawn to Stores I Normally Don’t Shop at by Sales,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A1-10 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Always Look Out for Special Offers” and “Even Though I Didn’t Need It Right Then, Would Buy More of a Product on Sale,” 2016 (percent and index)
APPENDIX II
Table A2-1 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Shopping for Groceries Is a Bore,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-2 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Really Enjoy Cooking” and “The Kitchen Is the Most Important Room in My House,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-3 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Like to Try New Recipes” and “I Usually Refer to Recipes When Cooking,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-4 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Often Read the Recipes on the Food Products That I Buy” and “I Can Be Swayed by Coupons to Try New Products,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-5 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Like to Try Out New Food Products” and “I Am Usually the First of My Friends to Try New Food Products,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-6 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Prefer to Eat Foods Without Artificial Additives” and “When Shopping for Food, I Especially Look for Organic or Natural,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-7 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Usually Look for the Freshest Ingredients When I Cook” and “When Shopping for Food, I Make an Extra Effort to Buy Locally Grown,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-8 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Often Eat Store-Made, Pre-Cooked Meals” and “I Often Eat Frozen Dinners,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-9 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Simple, Easy to Prepare Foods Are My Favorites” and “Prefer Fast Food to Home Cooking,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-10 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Eat Several Small Meals Throughout the Day” and “Breakfast Is More Important Than Lunch or Dinner,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-11 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Lunch Is More Important Than Breakfast or Dinner” and “Dinner Is More Important Than Breakfast or Lunch,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-12 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Often Snack Between Meals” and “I Often Feel I Overeat,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-13 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Frequently Eat Sweets” and “Salted Snacks Are My Favorite,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-14 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Enjoy Eating Foreign Foods” and “I Try to Eat Gourmet Foods Whenever I Can,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-15 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Prefer Foods Cooked With Lots of Spices” an “Prefer the Taste of Food Without a Lot of Spices,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-16 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Like to Try New Drinks” and “I Often Drink Alcoholic Beverages at Restaurants,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-17 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Nutritional Value Is Most Important Factor in Which Foods I Eat” and “I Usually Am Quick to Try a New Nutritional Products,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-18 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Most of the Time, I Am Trying to Lose Weight by Dieting” and “Normally Count Calories of the Foods I Eat,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-19 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Try to Include Plenty of Fiber in My Diet” and “Usually Only Snack on Healthy Foods,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-20 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Most Snack Foods Are Not Healthy” and and “Most Frozen Dinners Have Little Nutritional Value,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-21 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “I Feel Guilty When I Eat Sweets” and “I Feel Guilty When I Eat Fattening Foods,” 2016 (percent and index)
Table A2-22 Psychographic Patterns by Channel or Retailer: “Nothing Wrong With Indulging in Fattening Foods from Time to Time” and “Eat the Foods I Like Regardless of Calories,” 2016 (percent and index)
